Effect of disaster debris, floodwater pooling duration, and bridge damage on immediate post-tsunami connectivity

This study establishes a general methodology to account for the effects of amount disaster debris generated, dispersal, duration floodwater pooling events like tsunamis, and damage infrastructure on initial time evolution connectivity between critical facilities key locations within community such as evacuation zones shelters. The proposed is applied Seaside, OR, cascading seismic tsunami hazards corresponding seven return periods ranging from 250 10,000 years. post-event assessed first 72 h. results provide insights immediate connectivity, its with floodwaters recede cleared, relative effect debris, pooling, connectivity. For example, level disconnection caused by flooding in Seaside not always directly proportional period (magnitude) seismic-tsunami event. Results show that bridge further exacerbates lack due highlighting multi-hazard multi-infrastructure analyses are necessary understand disasters.